Almaty vs. Astana Which Kazakh City Should You Visit?
Kazakhstan, the world’s ninth-largest country, is home to two of Central Asia’s most dynamic and contrasting cities—Almaty and Astana (now officially known as Nur-Sultan, though many still refer to it by its original name, Astana). Each city offers a unique experience for travelers, shaped by different historical, cultural, and geographical influences. Whether you’re planning a quick getaway or an extended adventure, choosing between Almaty and Astana can be a tough decision. Here’s a comprehensive comparison to help you decide which Kazakh city should be your next travel destination.
Climate and Geography
Almaty is located in the southeastern part of Kazakhstan, nestled at the foothills of the Trans-Ili Alatau mountains. This gives it a picturesque setting and a milder, more pleasant climate—especially appealing in spring and autumn. Winters in Almaty are snowy but bearable, and the nearby mountains offer easy access to ski resorts like Shymbulak. Summers are warm but rarely unbearable due to the city’s elevation.
Astana, on the other hand, lies in the northern steppe and is known for its extreme continental climate. Winters here are bitterly cold, with temperatures frequently dipping below -30°C. Summers can be quite hot, sometimes reaching up to 35°C. The flat, open landscape gives Astana a futuristic feel but lacks the natural charm that surrounds Almaty.
Verdict: If you prefer natural beauty and a milder climate, Almaty is the better choice.
Architecture and Urban Vibe
Almaty, once the capital of Kazakhstan, has a more European feel with its tree-lined boulevards, Soviet-era architecture, and relaxed pace of life. The city has retained much of its charm and is considered the cultural and financial hub of the country. It’s an ideal place for walking, exploring cafes, and soaking in the artistic vibe. You’ll find a mix of modern malls and local markets, alongside theaters and museums that celebrate Kazakh heritage.
Astana, renamed Nur-Sultan in 2019, became the capital in 1997 and has since transformed into a symbol of Kazakhstan’s ambition and modernity. The city is characterized by avant-garde architecture, wide avenues, and futuristic buildings like the Bayterek Tower, Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center, and the Presidential Palace. Designed largely by renowned global architects, Astana is often described as a city of the future.
Verdict: Choose Astana if you’re intrigued by cutting-edge architecture and a modern, polished urban environment. Opt for Almaty if you’re drawn to a more organic and historic cityscape.
Culture and Lifestyle
Almaty is a melting pot of cultures and remains Kazakhstan’s most cosmopolitan city. With a lively arts scene, numerous music festivals, and a strong café culture, it offers a more bohemian lifestyle. You’ll also find a wide variety of restaurants serving everything from traditional Kazakh dishes to international cuisine.
Astana, though smaller in population, hosts many of the country’s political and cultural events due to its status as the capital. It has rapidly grown into a city with grand museums, opera houses, and exhibition centers. However, it can feel more formal and less spontaneous compared to Almaty.
Verdict: Almaty wins for cultural depth and diversity; Astana is ideal for those interested in official institutions and grand exhibitions.
Outdoor Activities and Day Trips
If you’re an outdoor enthusiast, Almaty offers far more opportunities. The surrounding mountains are perfect for hiking, skiing, and mountain biking. Destinations like Big Almaty Lake, Charyn Canyon, and the Kolsai Lakes are just a few hours’ drive away, offering breathtaking natural beauty.
Astana’s flat terrain doesn’t offer the same variety of natural attractions. However, the city has well-maintained parks and the nearby Burabay National Park, which is about three hours away and offers scenic lakes and forest trails.
Verdict: Almaty is the clear winner for outdoor activities and nature-focused day trips.
Accessibility and Transportation
Both cities are well-connected via domestic and international flights. Almaty International Airport offers more international routes, while Astana’s airport is growing rapidly in capacity. Within the cities, both have reliable transportation systems including buses and ride-hailing services. Almaty recently launched a metro system, while Astana focuses on modern buses and wide roads.
Verdict: It’s a tie in terms of accessibility, though Almaty may be more convenient for international travelers.
Cost of Travel
In general, Almaty tends to be slightly more expensive than Astana when it comes to dining and accommodation, primarily due to its popularity with tourists and expats. However, both cities are relatively affordable compared to Western standards. Budget travelers can find hostels and economical restaurants in both places, while those looking for luxury won’t be disappointed either.
Verdict: Astana might be more budget-friendly overall, but both cities offer good value.
Final Thoughts
Ultimately, the decision between Almaty and Astana depends on what kind of experience you’re looking for.
Choose Almaty if you want to explore a city with natural beauty, rich cultural history, a relaxed lifestyle, and plenty of outdoor adventures.
Choose Astana if you’re interested in modern architecture, government landmarks, and experiencing the vision of a futuristic capital city.
Both cities offer something unique and unforgettable. For many travelers, the ideal solution is to visit both—perhaps starting in one and taking a domestic flight or train to the other. This way, you can experience the full spectrum of what Kazakhstan has to offer.
Whichever city you choose, one thing is certain: Kazakhstan will surprise and inspire you with its diversity, warmth, and grandeur.